Culvert formula (Water Overlay)

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Flow through culverts is based on an open channel flow calculation.

The actual datum height of the culvert is at least the height of the terrain on either end of the culvert and the provided threshold height:

For circular culverts, the flow height is:

For rectangular culverts, the flow depth h is:

The loss coefficient for the culvert is calculated:

The hydraulic radius is calculated as:

For circular culverts, the flow area and the wetted perimeter is calculated using the formula's in the image below.

Hydraulic radius.png

Where the radius of the culvert:

For rectangular culverts, the flow area and wetted perimeter is calculated as followed:

The potential flow through the culvert is then calculated:

Finally the actual amount of water flow is calculated:

Where:

  • = The CULVERT_DIAMETER attribute of the culvert, representing either the inside diameter of a circular culvert or the inside width of a rectangular culvert.
  • = The CULVERT_RECTANGULAR_HEIGHT attribute of the culvert, representing the inside height of a rectangular culvert.
  • = The (flow) height of the water inside the culvert.
  • = The CULVERT_THRESHOLD attribute of the culvert.
  • = The datum height of the base of the culvert.
  • = The water level on the left end of the culvert, relative to datum.
  • = The water level on the right end of the culvert, relative to datum.
  • = The hydraulic radius in the culvert[1].
  • = The wetted perimeter.
  • = The flow area.
  • = Circular flow area, based on the height of the water in the (circular) culvert.
  • = the acceleration due to gravity, set to 9.80665.
  • = The length of the culvert, calculated as the distance between the culvert's endpoints.
  • = Loss coefficient for culverts.
  • = The CULVERT_N attribute of the culvert.
  • = The potential rate of water flow through the culvert in .
  • = The water flow which takes place.
  • = Computational timestep in seconds.
  • = Cell size in meters.

Related

The following topics are related to this formula.

Structures
Culvert
Models
Surface model

References

  1. Hydraulic Radius Equations Formulas Calculator ∙ found at: https://www.ajdesigner.com/phphydraulicradius/hydraulic_radius_equation_pipe.php ∙ (last visited 2019-02-11)