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{|class="wikitable" style="margin: auto; background-color:#ffffcc;"
| [[How to work with the Demo Seepage Project|Next page>>]]
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{{demo project summary
{{demo project summary
| title=Demo Seepage
| title=Demo Seepage
| demographic=hydrologists and other water experts
| demographic=hydrologists and other water experts
| showcases=the seepage functionality
| showcases=the bottom boundary flow functionality, following the [[Ground bottom flow formula (Water Overlay)|formula for ground water flow from deeper ground layers through the bottom boundary]]
| image=Seepage.jpg
| image=Seepage.jpg
| description=In this project a location in The Netherlands, Polder Oukoop, is experiencing seepage.<br> It can serve as a working demo to explore the Seepage functionality and the configurable parameters.<br>The following steps below show how seepage calculations with different parameters highlight the different ways seepage can be configured and varied.
| description=In this project a location in The Netherlands, Polder Oukoop, is experiencing seepage. It can serve as a working demo to explore the Seepage functionality and the configurable parameters. The following steps below show how seepage calculations with different parameters highlight the different ways seepage can be configured and varied. In order to make use of seepage in your project you need to import your own GeoTIFF data in the [[Water Overlay Wizard]]. This demo project demonstrates how the imported GeoTIFF data is used and displayed in two specific overlays.
}}
}}


==Overlay configurations==
==Overlay configurations==
There are two Overlays which demonstrate two separate inputs for seepage in a [[Water Overlay]]. Both are the same calculation model, just with different seepage parameters configured. For either Overlay, it's seepage configuration can be reviewed in their respective [[Water Overlay Wizard|configuration wizard]]s.
There are two Overlays which demonstrate two separate inputs for seepage in a [[Water Overlay]]. Both are based on the same calculation model, just with different seepage parameters configured. For either Overlay, it's seepage configuration can be reviewed in their respective [[Water Overlay Wizard|configuration wizard]]s.
{{editor location|Overlay wizard|Either Groundwater Overlay|Seepage}}
{{editor location|Overlay wizard|Either Groundwater Overlay|Seepage}}
<br>
{{clear}}
<br>
<br>
 
 


===Groundwater (Spatial)===
===Groundwater (Spatial)===
[[File:Groundwater_spatial_overlay.jpg|175px|right]]This Overlay has been configured to only make use of the spatial parameters for seepage, meaning the amount of seepage varies between locations but does not change over time. Most of the terrain has a negative resistance, excluding seepage calculations in those locations. There are a few patches where resistance is configured to a rate of a couple of days. Thus, the rate and amount of seepage demonstrated in this Overlay is entirely due to the static (albeit spatially differing) pressures and resistances.
[[File:Groundwater_spatial_overlay.jpg|175px|right]]
* Static, spatially differing pressures defined by a GeoTiff accessible via the "Seepage pressure locations" Overlay.
This Overlay has been configured, based on imported GeoTIFF data, to only make use of the spatial parameters for seepage, meaning the amount of seepage varies between locations but does not change over time. In this case the GeoTIFF files contained one file with information about the pressure per area and the other GeoTIFF file contains information about the resistance of the separating layer. Most of the terrain has a negative resistance, excluding seepage calculations in those locations. There are a few patches where resistance is configured to a rate of a couple of days. Thus, the rate and amount of seepage demonstrated in this Overlay is entirely due to the static (albeit spatially differing) pressures and resistances.
* Static, spatially differing resistances defined by a GeoTiff accessible via the "Seepage resistance 10 days" Overlay. In the relevant patches, a resistance value of 10 days allows noticeable seepage to occur over a period of a few days
* Static, spatially differing pressures defined by a GeoTIFF accessible via the "Seepage pressure locations" Overlay.
* Static, spatially differing resistances defined by a GeoTIFF accessible via the "Seepage resistance 10 days" Overlay. In the relevant patches, a resistance value of 10 days allows noticeable seepage to occur over a period of a few days
* No fluctuation in seepage pressure defined, meaning the amount of seepage which occurs remains entirely constant over time.
* No fluctuation in seepage pressure defined, meaning the amount of seepage which occurs remains entirely constant over time.
* The simulation lasts for 2 days.
* The simulation lasts for 2 days. During these two days only the water level, ground water level and the seepage influence the outcome, disruptive factors such as rain or evaporation have no influence in this case.


===Groundwater (Fluctuation)===
===Groundwater (Fluctuation)===
[[File:Groundwater_fluctuation_Overlay.jpg|175px|right]]This Overlay has been configured with proper spatial pressure, but excessive resistances in the relevant locations. The amount of seepage occurring due to those parameters is therefor a lot less. However, a fluctuation has also been defined which causes the amount of seepage to be supplemented by a varying amount over time. Thus, the rate and amount of seepage demonstrated in this Overlay is strongly affected by the fluctuation parameter.
[[File:Groundwater_fluctuation_Overlay.jpg|175px|right]]
* Static, spatially differing pressures defined by a GeoTiff accessible via the "Seepage pressure locations" Overlay.
This Overlay has been configured, based on the same imported GeoTIFF data as the groundwater Spatial overlay, with proper spatial pressure, but excessive resistances in the relevant locations. The amount of seepage occurring due to those parameters is therefor a lot less then in the case of the Spatial variant. However, a fluctuation has also been defined which causes the amount of seepage to be supplemented by a varying amount over time. Thus, the rate and amount of seepage demonstrated in this Overlay is strongly affected by the fluctuation parameter.
* Static, spatially differing resistances defined by a GeoTiff accessible via the "Seepage resistance 500 days" Overlay. In the relevant patches, a resistance value of 500 days strongly reduces the amount of seepage.
* Static, spatially differing pressures defined by a GeoTIFF accessible via the "Seepage pressure locations" Overlay.
* Static, spatially differing resistances defined by a GeoTIFF accessible via the "Seepage resistance 500 days" Overlay. In the relevant patches, a resistance value of 500 days strongly reduces the amount of seepage.
* The seepage fluctuation parameter starts at a negative value. It increases (but remains negative) after 2 days. 2 days later it becomes high and positive, and during the last 2 days the value is 0. This means the amount of seepage due to fluctuation changes every 2 days.
* The seepage fluctuation parameter starts at a negative value. It increases (but remains negative) after 2 days. 2 days later it becomes high and positive, and during the last 2 days the value is 0. This means the amount of seepage due to fluctuation changes every 2 days.
* The simulation lasts for 8 days.
* The simulation lasts for 8 days. During these eight days only the water level, ground water level and the seepage influence the outcome, disruptive factors such as rain or evaporation have no influence in this case.


==Exploring the project==
==Exploring the project==
''In the following steps we will take a look at the imported GeoTIFF data and how this is used in multiple overlays in the Seepage Project.''
To begin exploring the project, take the following steps:
To begin exploring the project, take the following steps:
# Click anywhere in the 3D world, and use the arrow keys on your keyboard to move around in the world. You can also drag the camera around by right-clicking (and holding the right mouse button down) in the 3D world and dragging the world around. Use the scroll wheel to zoom in- and out.
# Click anywhere in the [[3D Visualization]], and use the arrow keys on your keyboard to move around in the world. You can also drag the camera around by right-clicking (and holding the right mouse button down) in the [[3D Visualization]] and dragging the world around. Use the scroll wheel to zoom in- and out.
# [[File:Ground_water_spatial.jpg|thumb|150px|right|Step 2: Groundwater Spatial Overlay]]On the right-hand side of the 3D world you can see the overlays menubar. Hover over the various icons to see a tooltip with their name. Find the overlay named "Groundwater (spatial)", and click on it. This will show the overlay in the 3D world. This overlay shows the groundwater level in the underground.
# [[File:Ground_water_spatial.jpg|thumb|150px|right|Step 2: Groundwater Spatial Overlay]]On the right-hand side of the [[viewer ]]interface you can see the [[navigation panel]] with [[overlay]] icons. Hover over the various icons to see a tooltip with their name. Find the overlay named "Groundwater (spatial)", and click on it. This will show the overlay in the [[3D Visualization]]. This overlay shows the groundwater level in the underground.
# [[File:Play_Groundwater_(spatial)_overlay.jpg|thumb|150px|right|Step 3: Activate Play]]At the bottom of the interface a legend will now appear, with on the left-hand side of the legend a few buttons to "play" the overlay. Click on the "play" button, and you will see how the state of the groundwater level changes over time.
# [[File:Play_Groundwater_(spatial)_overlay.jpg|thumb|150px|right|Step 3: Activate Play]]At the bottom of the interface a legend will now appear, with on the left-hand side of the legend a few buttons to "play" the overlay. Click on the "play" button, and you will see how the state of the groundwater level changes over time.
# Hover over the icon for the overlay again, and notice that more options appear for overlays related to groundwater. These are the child overlays, which can display more types of results from the groundwater simulation.
# Hover over the icon for the overlay again, and notice that more options appear for overlays related to groundwater. These are the child overlays, which can display more types of results from the groundwater simulation.
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## The "Groundwater (Spatial)" Overlay calculates and shows the result for the seepage calculation, with a static amount of pressure and resistance affecting the groundwater levels, without any configured fluctuation.
## The "Groundwater (Spatial)" Overlay calculates and shows the result for the seepage calculation, with a static amount of pressure and resistance affecting the groundwater levels, without any configured fluctuation.
## The "Groundwater (Fluctiation)" Overlay calculates and shows the results for a seepage calculation, in which natural pressure and resistance are configured to limit base seepage, so that the effect of seepage fluctuation is more visibly demonstrated.
## The "Groundwater (Fluctiation)" Overlay calculates and shows the results for a seepage calculation, in which natural pressure and resistance are configured to limit base seepage, so that the effect of seepage fluctuation is more visibly demonstrated.
## A GeoTiff Overlay showing spatial seepage pressures. It has two child Overlays demonstrating the configuration for resistance values of 10 days, and the resistance values of 500 days.
## A GeoTIFF Overlay showing spatial seepage pressures. It has two child Overlays demonstrating the configuration for resistance values of 10 days, and the resistance values of 500 days.
# Finally, notice a number of icons floating in the world. The orange icons are of particular note; these denote points-of-interest which you can take a closer look at. You can click on any to open a panel with more information.
# Finally, notice a number of icons floating in the world. The orange icons are of particular note; these denote points-of-interest which you can take a closer look at. You can click on any to open a panel with more information.
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{{clear}}
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<br>
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==Points of interest==
==Points of interest==
''Below some additional information on elements in the Seepage Project which can be interesting to explore.''
The project offers a number of points of interest to inspect in greater detail. A number of these points have been emphasized with popups.{{clear}}
The project offers a number of points of interest to inspect in greater detail. A number of these points have been emphasized with popups.{{clear}}


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===No seepage===
===No seepage===
[[File:No_seepage.jpg|150px|left]]
[[File:No_seepage.jpg|150px|left]]
In locations with either no resistance or pressure defined, or with negative resistance defined, no seepage occurs. This location can be recognized by this pop up. Both seepage into the project area as well as seepage out of the project area are disabled.{{clear}}
In locations with either no resistance or pressure defined, or with negative resistance defined, no seepage occurs. This location can be recognized by this pop up. Both seepage into the project area as well as seepage out of the project area are disabled.
 
{{article end
<!--
|seealso=
===Puddle formation===
* [[List of Demo Projects]]
[[File:demo_water_bolt.jpg|left]]
}}
At the location of the blue popup, water will begin to amass during the simulation. Rainfall causes water to build up across the project, but due to differences in elevation some places will remain effectively dry while other collect water from both the rain there and the runoff of water from other places.{{clear}}
 
===Culverts and weirs===
[[File:demo_water_con.jpg|left]]
The construction popups in the project indicate the locations of culverts and weirs. These constructions allow water to flow across, which happens automatically when the water levels differ at either side.
 
The culvert allows water to flow through whenever water exceeds its bottom height. Flowthrough is effectively only limited by its diameter. Flowthrough is calculated by the [[Culvert formula (Water Overlay)|culvert formula]]. To see how a culvert is configured, navigate to the following location in the editor: {{editor location|overlay wizard|Rainfall}}
 
In the wizard, click on "Next" until you reach the step on "Culverts". There, select any culvert to inspect its attributes. Additionally, you can select "Show in Editor" to have the 3D world zoom to its location. You can do this for any culvert you are interested in.
 
The weir allows water to flow over it whenever water exceeds its top height. The amount of water that can flow over it is effectively limitless, but dictated by the [[Weir formula (Water Overlay)|weir formula]]. To see how a weir is configured, navigate to the following location in the editor: {{editor location|overlay wizard|Rainfall}}
 
In the wizard, click on "Next" until you reach the step on "Weirs". There, select any weir to inspect its attributes. Additionally, you can select "Show in Editor" to have the 3D world zoom to its location. You can do this for any weir you are interested in.
{{clear}}
 
===Sewers and sewer overflow===
[[File:demo_water_faucet.jpg|left]]
The faucet popup in the project indicates the location of a sewer overflow. A sewer district is defined covering the entire town. This is used as a generic definition for sewer capacity, and to allow roads to have water flow off into the sewer. When the sewer nears capacity, water will begin to flow out through the sewer overflow, back onto the surface.
 
Navigate to the following location in the editor: {{editor location|overlay wizard|Rainfall}}
 
In the wizard, click on "Next" until you reach the step on "Sewers". There, select the "KOCKENGEN" sewer to inspect its attributes. Continue on to the step on "Sewer Overflows". There, select the overflow to inspect its attributes.{{clear}}
 
===Measuring tool===
[[File:demo_water_tomeasure.jpg|left]]
[[File:demo_water_measurement.jpg|thumb|right|300px|Using a properly configured measuring tool allows for detailed insight into water levels.]]
More in-depth analysis of water in the project can be achieved using the [[Measuring tool]]. Go to the X popup in the project, and place a point measurement anywhere to see a graph of the waterlevels in that location during the simulation.
 
You can also place a line measurement, perpendicular across one or multiple canals. You can get a cross-section of the waterlevels relative to [[datum]] by doing the following:
* Select the rainfall overlay
* Place a line measurement
* In the "Base" Overlay dropdown, select the "Surface Elevation".
* Check the "Sum" option, to add the values of the two layers together
* Select the "Fit to graph" mode to use the full extent of the measuring window.
The result is a cross-section of the water and the terrain height.{{clear}}
 
===Uncalculated area===
[[File:demo_water_no.jpg|left]]
The cross popup indicates the section of the map where no calculations are performed. The dataset used to create this project does not perfectly fit the square shape of the project area, meaning there are parts which are not covered by data to properly initialize water or model all possible routes for water to flow through. The project has been configured to only perform calculations in the areas for which data exists.{{clear}}
 
==Actions==
[[File:Editor ribbon bar testrun active.jpg|left]]
After inspecting the consequences of the defined rainfall, it is possible to explore potential remedies. Note that when any of the actions described here are taken, a [[testrun]] will start. This means the editing tools will be temporarily disabled. When you are done experimenting with actions, you can stop the testrun by clicking the stop button in the ribbon. This will revert the session back to its base state, without the effects of the applied action(s).{{clear}}
 
===Weir adjustments===
[[File:demo_water_autoweirs.jpg|left]]
[[File:demo_water_weircontrol.jpg|thumb|right|300px|The automatically generated control panels for weirs allow you to change their configuration and see the results.]]Switch to the "Future design" tab. Select any of the blue weir icons in the 3D world to open a panel which allows you to control them. Specifically, the height of the weir can be changed. Change the weir height to 1 meter lower (e.g., change 3.2 into 2.2, or -1.6 into -2.6), and select "Submit".
 
After making the change, the rainfall overlay will be recalculated, and the new results will indicate how water would act with the weir set to its new height. To compare the original results and the new results, select the rainfall overlay, and activate its "difference" mode by selecting "Show difference". The overlay will now show where the resulting amounts of water have changed due to your action.
{{clear}}
 
===Spatial planning options===
[[File:demo_water_action.jpg|left]]
[[File:demo_water_park.jpg|thumb|right|300px|Placing a water storing park instead of natural grassland helps alleviate the water issues. Left: before placing the park. Right: after placing the park.]]
Switch to the "Future design" tab, and then in the 3D interface the [[User Interface#Action menu|action menu]] will appear. Open the menu with "Water Storage" options, and select the "City park with water storage" action. Now draw a selection in the city, in locations which experience excessive water retention. When you have made the selection, select "Confirm". This will add a new park with water storage facilities to that location in the 3D world.


After making the change, the rainfall overlay will be recalculated, and the new results will indicate how water would act with the new water storage facilities. To compare the original results and the new results, select the rainfall overlay, and activate its "difference" mode by selecting "Show difference". The overlay will now show where the resulting amounts of water have changed due to your action.{{clear}}
{{demo nav|Seepage}}
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| [[How to work with the Demo Seepage Project|Next page>>]]
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Latest revision as of 16:19, 26 January 2024

An overview of Demo Seepage.

The Demo Seepage project is available for all users and can be found in the main menu under Edit projects. This project does not count towards your license.

This project is intended for hydrologists and other water experts.

This project showcases the bottom boundary flow functionality, following the formula for ground water flow from deeper ground layers through the bottom boundary.

In this project a location in The Netherlands, Polder Oukoop, is experiencing seepage. It can serve as a working demo to explore the Seepage functionality and the configurable parameters. The following steps below show how seepage calculations with different parameters highlight the different ways seepage can be configured and varied. In order to make use of seepage in your project you need to import your own GeoTIFF data in the Water Overlay Wizard. This demo project demonstrates how the imported GeoTIFF data is used and displayed in two specific overlays.

Overlay configurations

There are two Overlays which demonstrate two separate inputs for seepage in a Water Overlay. Both are based on the same calculation model, just with different seepage parameters configured. For either Overlay, it's seepage configuration can be reviewed in their respective configuration wizards.

Editor → Current Situation (Ribbon tab) → Overlays (Ribbon bar) → Either Groundwater Overlay (Left panel) → Configuration Wizard (Right panel) → Seepage

Groundwater (Spatial)

Groundwater spatial overlay.jpg

This Overlay has been configured, based on imported GeoTIFF data, to only make use of the spatial parameters for seepage, meaning the amount of seepage varies between locations but does not change over time. In this case the GeoTIFF files contained one file with information about the pressure per area and the other GeoTIFF file contains information about the resistance of the separating layer. Most of the terrain has a negative resistance, excluding seepage calculations in those locations. There are a few patches where resistance is configured to a rate of a couple of days. Thus, the rate and amount of seepage demonstrated in this Overlay is entirely due to the static (albeit spatially differing) pressures and resistances.

  • Static, spatially differing pressures defined by a GeoTIFF accessible via the "Seepage pressure locations" Overlay.
  • Static, spatially differing resistances defined by a GeoTIFF accessible via the "Seepage resistance 10 days" Overlay. In the relevant patches, a resistance value of 10 days allows noticeable seepage to occur over a period of a few days
  • No fluctuation in seepage pressure defined, meaning the amount of seepage which occurs remains entirely constant over time.
  • The simulation lasts for 2 days. During these two days only the water level, ground water level and the seepage influence the outcome, disruptive factors such as rain or evaporation have no influence in this case.

Groundwater (Fluctuation)

Groundwater fluctuation Overlay.jpg

This Overlay has been configured, based on the same imported GeoTIFF data as the groundwater Spatial overlay, with proper spatial pressure, but excessive resistances in the relevant locations. The amount of seepage occurring due to those parameters is therefor a lot less then in the case of the Spatial variant. However, a fluctuation has also been defined which causes the amount of seepage to be supplemented by a varying amount over time. Thus, the rate and amount of seepage demonstrated in this Overlay is strongly affected by the fluctuation parameter.

  • Static, spatially differing pressures defined by a GeoTIFF accessible via the "Seepage pressure locations" Overlay.
  • Static, spatially differing resistances defined by a GeoTIFF accessible via the "Seepage resistance 500 days" Overlay. In the relevant patches, a resistance value of 500 days strongly reduces the amount of seepage.
  • The seepage fluctuation parameter starts at a negative value. It increases (but remains negative) after 2 days. 2 days later it becomes high and positive, and during the last 2 days the value is 0. This means the amount of seepage due to fluctuation changes every 2 days.
  • The simulation lasts for 8 days. During these eight days only the water level, ground water level and the seepage influence the outcome, disruptive factors such as rain or evaporation have no influence in this case.

Exploring the project

In the following steps we will take a look at the imported GeoTIFF data and how this is used in multiple overlays in the Seepage Project.

To begin exploring the project, take the following steps:

  1. Click anywhere in the 3D Visualization, and use the arrow keys on your keyboard to move around in the world. You can also drag the camera around by right-clicking (and holding the right mouse button down) in the 3D Visualization and dragging the world around. Use the scroll wheel to zoom in- and out.
  2. Step 2: Groundwater Spatial Overlay
    On the right-hand side of the viewer interface you can see the navigation panel with overlay icons. Hover over the various icons to see a tooltip with their name. Find the overlay named "Groundwater (spatial)", and click on it. This will show the overlay in the 3D Visualization. This overlay shows the groundwater level in the underground.
  3. Step 3: Activate Play
    At the bottom of the interface a legend will now appear, with on the left-hand side of the legend a few buttons to "play" the overlay. Click on the "play" button, and you will see how the state of the groundwater level changes over time.
  4. Hover over the icon for the overlay again, and notice that more options appear for overlays related to groundwater. These are the child overlays, which can display more types of results from the groundwater simulation.
  5. Notice multiple Overlays exist, each showing a specific result or type of data related to seepage:
    1. The "Groundwater (Spatial)" Overlay calculates and shows the result for the seepage calculation, with a static amount of pressure and resistance affecting the groundwater levels, without any configured fluctuation.
    2. The "Groundwater (Fluctiation)" Overlay calculates and shows the results for a seepage calculation, in which natural pressure and resistance are configured to limit base seepage, so that the effect of seepage fluctuation is more visibly demonstrated.
    3. A GeoTIFF Overlay showing spatial seepage pressures. It has two child Overlays demonstrating the configuration for resistance values of 10 days, and the resistance values of 500 days.
  6. Finally, notice a number of icons floating in the world. The orange icons are of particular note; these denote points-of-interest which you can take a closer look at. You can click on any to open a panel with more information.

Points of interest

Below some additional information on elements in the Seepage Project which can be interesting to explore.

The project offers a number of points of interest to inspect in greater detail. A number of these points have been emphasized with popups.

Seepage under land

Seepage under land.jpg

At the location of this popup, underground pressure will cause seepage to occur, slowly increasing the groundwater level.

Select the "Groundwater (Spatial)" Overlay, and play the overlay. As time progresses, the patch of land where seepage occurs will experience a rising groundwater level, until the pressure of the seepage even causes the water to seep onto the surface.

Place a point measurement on the wet patch, and select the "Groundwater (Fluctuation)" Overlay. Play the Overlay. You will see the measurement shows a varying rate at which seepage occurs, dictated by the seepage fluctuation which varies over time. Especially notable is that the groundwater level increase at the start of the simulation (when the fluctuation parameter is negative) is clearly less than at the end of the simulation (when the fluctuation parameter is 0).

Seepage under waterway

Seepage under waterway.jpg

At the location of this popup, underground pressure will cause seepage to occur under the waterway.

Place a line measurement along the waterway where seepage occurs, and select the "Surface last value (Spatial)" Overlay. Add as a base Overlay the "Surface elevation (Spatial)" Overlay, and select the "sum" mode. Play the overlay. You will see the initial state of the waterway is a dry waterbed. However, as time and seepage progresses, eventually water will seep up from the underground into the waterway.

Using the same measurement, select the "Groundwater (Fluctuation)" Overlay. Disable the "sum" mode. (You do not need to change the base overlay, as both Overlays share the same elevation model.) Play the overlay. You will see the groundwater level rises at a varying rate, dictated by the seepage fluctuation which varies over time. Especially notable is that the groundwater level increase at the start of the simulation (when the fluctuation parameter is negative) is clearly less than at the end of the simulation (when the fluctuation parameter is 0).

No seepage

No seepage.jpg

In locations with either no resistance or pressure defined, or with negative resistance defined, no seepage occurs. This location can be recognized by this pop up. Both seepage into the project area as well as seepage out of the project area are disabled.

See also


Seepage Demo
Demo Seepage Project
How to work with the Demo Seepage Project
Demo Seepage Project FAQ & More


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