Traffic NO2 formula (Traffic NO2 Overlay)

The calculations follow the standard rekenmethode 1 (SRM 1).

$Cjm[NO_{2}]=Ca,jm[NO_{2}]+Cb,jm[NO_{2}]$

where:

$Cjm[NO_{2}]$ = annual average concentration [μg/m3],

$Ca,jm[NO_{2}]$ = annual average background-concentration (default = 0 [μg/m3]). Configured using model attribute BASE_NO2

$Cb,jm[NO_{2}]$ = annual average traffic contribution to NO2 concentration [μg/m3].

Contribution NO2

To compute the annual average traffic contribution to NO2, $Cb,jm[NO_{2}]$ [μg/m3], the following formula from SRM1 is applied:

$Cb,jm[NO_{2}]=fNO_{2}\cdot Cb,jm[NO_{x}]+{\frac {B\cdot Ca,jm[O_{3}]\cdot Cb,jm[NO_{x}]\cdot (1-fNO_{2})}{Cb,jm[NO_{x}]\cdot (1-Fno2)+K}}$

where:

$Cb,jm[NO_{x}]$ = annual average traffic contribution to NOx concentration [μg/m3],

$Cb,jm[O_{3}]$ = annual average concentration ozon [μg/m3] (default = 42),

$fNO_{2}$ = weighted fraction direct emitted NO2 [-],

$B$ = parameter (default 0.6),

$K$ = parameter for conversion NO to NO2 (default = 100 μg/m3).

Contribution NOX

To compute the annual average traffic contribution to NOX, Cb,jm[NOX] [μg/m3], the following formula from SRM1 is applied:

$Cb,jm[NO_{x}]=Fk\cdot ENO_{x}\cdot \theta \cdot Fb\cdot Fmeteo$

where:

$Fk$ = calibration factor [-] (default = 0.62]

$ENO_{x}$ = emission number NOx [μg/m/s]

$\theta$ = dilution factor [-]

$Fb$ = tree factor (default = 1)

$Fmeteo$ = 5/windspeed. Default value for windspeed is 5 m/s

The computation of the dilution factor, $\theta$, is split into two situations.

For surrounding cells within a distance of 30m:

$\theta =a\cdot S^{2}+b\cdot S+c$

And for cells within a distance of 30-60m (for road-type 1 only):

$\theta =\alpha \cdot S^{p}$

where:

$S$ = the calculation distance

$a$ = configurable using model attribute: ROAD1_30M_A

$b$ = configurable using model attribute: ROAD1_30M_B

$c$ = configurable using model attribute: ROAD1_30M_C

$\alpha$ = configurable using model attribute: ROAD1_60M_ALPHA

$p$ = configurable using model attribute: ROAD1_60M_POWER

The weighted fraction of direct emitted NO2 [-] is computed as:

$fNO_{2}={\frac {ENO_{2}}{ENO_{x}}}$

where:

$ENO_{2}$ = emission number NOs [μg/m/s]

Tree Factor

The tree factor is calculated as followed:

$Fb=1+{\frac {t}{2\cdot A_{t}}}$

$A_{t}=\pi \cdot {\frac {d^{2}}{A_{c}}}$

where:

$Fb$ = Tree factor, value between 1 and 1.5,

$t$ = Amount of tree cells within the search distance,

$A_{t}$ = Search area measured in amount of cells,

$d$ = Search distance of trees, currently set on 30 meters,

$A_{c}$ = Grid cell area in square meters.

Emission numbers

The emission numbers (E) for both NOx and NO2 are computed as:

$E_{drive}=(1.0-j_{c})\cdot n_{c}\cdot E_{c,d}+(1.0-j_{v})\cdot n_{v}\cdot E_{v,d}+(1.0-j_{t})\cdot n_{t}\cdot E_{t,d}+(1.0-j_{b})\cdot n_{b}\cdot E_{b,d}$

$E_{jam}=(j_{c})\cdot n_{c}\cdot E_{c,j}+j_{v}\cdot n_{v}\cdot E_{v,j}+j_{t}\cdot n_{t}\cdot E_{t,j}+j_{b}\cdot b_{t}\cdot E_{b,j}$

$E=(E_{drive}+E_{jam})\cdot {\frac {1000}{(24\cdot 3600)}}$

where:

$E$ = Calculated emission of either NOx or NO2

$E_{drive}$ = Calculated emission of driving traffic of either NOx or NO2.

$E_{jam}$ = Calculated emission of jammed traffic of either NOx or NO2.

$E_{c,d}$ = Calculated emission of driving cars, hourly or daily, of either NOx or NO2. Configured using Model attribute EMISSION_CAR_NOX or EMISSION_CAR_NO2 respectively.

$E_{v,d}$ = Calculated emission of driving vans, hourly or daily, of either NOx or NO2. Configured using Model attribute EMISSION_VAN_NOX or EMISSION_VAN_NO2 respectively.

$E_{t,d}$ = Calculated emission of driving trucks, hourly or daily, of either NOx or NO2. Configured using Model attribute EMISSION_TRUCK_NOX or EMISSION_TRUCK_NO2 respectively.

$E_{b,d}$ = Calculated emission of driving buses, hourly or daily, of either NOx or NO2. Configured using Model attribute EMISSION_BUS_NOX or EMISSION_BUS_NO2 respectively.

$E_{c,j}$ = Calculated emission of jammed cars, hourly or daily, of either NOx or NO2. Configured using Model attribute EMISSION_JAM_CAR_NOX or EMISSION_JAM_CAR_NO2 respectively.

$E_{v,j}$ = Calculated emission of jammed vans, hourly or daily, of either NOx or NO2. Configured using Model attribute EMISSION_JAM_VAN_NOX or EMISSION_JAM_VAN_NO2 respectively.

$E_{t,j}$ = Calculated emission of jammed trucks, hourly or daily, of either NOx or NO2. Configured using Model attribute EMISSION_JAM_TRUCK_NOX or EMISSION_JAM_TRUCK_NO2 respectively.

$E_{b,j}$ = Calculated emission of jammed buses, hourly or daily, of either NOx or NO2. Configured using Model attribute EMISSION_JAM_BUS_NOX or EMISSION_JAM_BUS_NO2 respectively.

$n_{c}$ = number of car traffic, hourly or daily value. Configured in roads using Function Value NUM_CARS.

$n_{v}$ = number of van traffic, hourly or daily value. Configured in roads using Function Value NUM_VANS.

$n_{t}$ = number of truck traffic, hourly or daily value. Configured in roads using Function Value NUM_TRUCKS.

$n_{b}$ = number of bus traffic, hourly or daily value. Configured in roads using Function Value NUM_BUSES.

$j_{c}$ = fraction of car traffic in traffic jams. Configured in roads using Function Value JAM_FACTOR_CARS.

$j_{v}$ = fraction of van traffic in traffic jams. Configured in roads using Function Value JAM_FACTOR_VANS.

$j_{t}$ = fraction of truck traffic in traffic jams. Configured in roads using Function Value JAM_FACTOR_TRUCKS.

$j_{b}$ = fraction of bus traffic in traffic jams. Configured in roads using Function Value JAM_FACTOR_BUSES.

Notes

• If the traffic amount is defined as a single value, that value is used for all defined hours. However, if the amount if an array of values, each of the 24 indexes of that array are assumed to correspond to the hour denoted by those indexes, and as such that specific value from the array is used.
• The SRM1 calculation method is only applicable for urban environments.

See also

• Traffic NO2 Overlay

References