View source for Breach (Water Overlay)

A Breach area can be used to simulate a breach in a levee or dam.

==Overview==

A Breach area can be defined via the [[Breach_height_(Water_Overlay)|BREACH_HEIGHT]] attribute. It can have an input area or external area with a water body outside of the hydrological model. Water can flow through the breach form the input into the Breach area just behind the levee and vise versa. 

The breach is simulated as a generic [[Breach_flow_formula_(Water_Overlay)|weir]] with breach characteristics that models the energy loss, the weir input/output is dynamically mapped onto the 2D grid cells. Using the [[Breach_growth_formula_(Water_Overlay)|Verheij–van der Knaap]] method the breach can also grow over time from phase one deepening to phase two widening. Below a simple schematic of the different breach elements.

Top Down
[[File:breach-side.png|left]]
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Side View
[[File:breach-top.png|left]]
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==Features==
* The breach can grow over time, based on its initial [[Breach_width_(Water_Overlay)|width]], [[Breach_speed_(Water_Overlay)|critical speed]] and inner and outer water level, for more details see [[Breach_growth_formula_(Water_Overlay)|Verheij–van der Knaap growth formula]]. 

* Instead of using an input area you can also define a fictitious external area, this can represent a larger water body outside the project area, e.g. the entire sea. The external area also has it's own [[External_surface_level_(Water_Overlay)|Surface level]], [[External_water_level_(Water_Overlay)|Water level]] and [[External_area_(Water_Overlay)|Area]].

* If a [[Breach_width_(Water_Overlay)|BREACH_WIDTH]] attribute is defined, the breach's polygon is intersected with a circle emanating from the center-point of the polygon. It is only in that intersection, called "active", that water will flow in from the input area. The radius of the circle defining the intersection will expand as the breach grows over time. 

* Water flowing through the breach will flow in the direction defined by the [[Breach_angle_(Water_Overlay)|BREACH_ANGLE]] attribute, regardless of whether the water flowed onto the breach from elsewhere in the water model, or from the simulated external water body. When no [[Breach_angle_(Water_Overlay)|BREACH_ANGLE]] is defined, water can flow in any direction. Adding this attribute with also convert the breach advection speed (m/s) into the 2D cell of the breach area. It is recommended to always use this attribute for optimal flow.

* If no [[Breach_speed_(Water_Overlay)|BREACH_SPEED]] attribute is defined, the active breach will never grow. 

* If no width is defined, the width is assumed to be very large, using the full Breach area polygon.

* The [[Breach_height_(Water_Overlay)|BREACH_HEIGHT]] attribute can also have multiple values over time, this allows you this simulate the breach vertical growth.

==Notes==

* The elevation model covered by the entire breach area is lowered to at least the minimum height defined by its [[Breach_height_(Water_Overlay)|BREACH_HEIGHT]] attribute. This is to prevent the terrain height from interfering with the flow.

* When using breach growth the inner water level is computed from the average value in the active breach area. For optimal flow simulation it is therefor recommended to place the breach area just behind the levee on a flat space.

* Water on a breach area is automatically spread across the entire active breach area equally.

* The inner and outer water levels are visualized per timeframe on the breach object in the 3D map, these can be very useful to see how the breach is progressing. 

* The [[Base_types_result_type_(Water_Overlay)|Base Types Result]] child overlay can be used to see which part of entire the breach area is considered "active". Breach growth can be seen when checking multiple timeframes.

* You can also optionally change the default breach weir coefficient to model energy loss by adding a [[Weir_coefficient_(Water_Overlay)|WEIR_COEFFICIENT]] attribute to the Breach area.


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{{:breach height (Water Overlay)}}
{{:breach width (Water Overlay)}}
{{:breach angle (Water Overlay)}}
{{:breach speed (Water Overlay)}}
{{:breach input area (Water Overlay)}}
{{:external surface level (Water Overlay)}}
{{:external water level (Water Overlay)}}
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{{article end
|howtos=
*[[How to add a breach with external area manually]]
*[[How to add a breach with input area manually]]
*[[How to import a breach with input area]]
*[[How to set dynamic breach height]]
*[[How to visualize multiple sequential breaches (Water Overlay)]]
|seealso=
* [[Elevation model (Water Overlay)]]
* [[Breach growth formula (Water Overlay)]]
* [[Breach flow formula (Water Overlay)]]
|videos=
 {{video|link=G2DNGtdUOO8|lang=dutch|description=Modeling breach growth}}
}}
{{WaterOverlay hydrological features nav}}