Sewer model (Water Overlay): Difference between revisions

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Sewers are available in the water model, allowing for the retention of excess water which would otherwise stay and flow on the surface.
Sewers allow retention of excess (rain) water which would otherwise remain or flow on the surface.


Sewers can be implicitly activated and deactivated by adding or removing [[Sewer area (Water Overlay)|Sewer areas]]. If no sewer areas exist, no sewers are available in the water model and no water can flow to and from there.
Conceptually, sewers are defined as [[Sewer area (Water Overlay)|sewer area]]s. If no sewer areas are present in the project, the sewer layer will not be used in the [[Water Module]].


Sewer areas define the areas in which sewers exist. The capacity of those sewers is based on the sewer area's [[Sewered storage (Water Overlay)|SEWER_STORAGE]] attribute. The actual locations where the sewer exists is the intersection between the sewer areas and the [[Sewered (Water Overlay)|sewered]] constructions in the project area. The total surface area of the actual sewer is equal to that intersection.
Sewer areas define the areas in which the sewer system exist. The capacity of those sewers is based on the sewer area's [[Sewer_storage_(Water Overlay)|SEWER_STORAGE]] attribute. The actual locations at which sewer pipes (conceptually) exist are the grid cells where [[Sewered (Water Overlay)|sewered building]]s are covered (intersected) by a sewer area. Consequently, the total surface area of the actual sewer is dependent on the [[grid cell size]] and the existence of sewered buildings.


If there is water on the [[Surface model (Water Overlay)|surface]], in a cell with a sewered construction, and there is a sewer present in the same location, the water flows directly into the sewer. Water can flow in until the sewer is filled to capacity. Water can only flow into a sewer a via sewered construction. It is not possible for water to flow from a sewer back to the surface via a sewered construction, unless that construction is is explicitly a sewer overflow.
The total sewer storage volume is determined by the sum of all grid cells marked as sewered, multiplied by the grid cell size and the [[Sewer_storage_(Water Overlay)|SEWER_STORAGE]].


[[File:Sewer_model.png]]
===Sewer influx===
Water can flow into the sewer if the following conditions are met:
* There is water on the [[Surface model (Water Overlay)|surface]] of a grid cell.
* There is a [[Sewered (Water Overlay)|sewered building]] in the same grid cell.
* There is a [[Sewer area (Water Overlay)|sewer area]] (and thus, combined with a sewer building, a sewer) in the same grid cell.
Water can only flow in until the sewer is filled to its capacity. If, during the simulation, water is removed from the sewer, water is allowed to flow in again, until its capacity is again reached.


Water can only flow out of a sewer via a [[Sewer overflow (Water Overlay)|sewer overflow]].
[[File:Sewer_model_new.png|Sewer model]]


===Sewer Overflow===
===Sewer Overflow===
Rain water can flow from a sewer overflow back onto the surface via a [[Sewer overflow (Water Overlay)|Sewer overflow]]. A sewer overflow removes water from the sewer and places it on the surface of the cell where the overflow is located. The speed at which this water flows is determined by the [[Sewer overflow speed (Water Overlay)|SEWER_OVERFLOW_SPEED]].
Water can flow from a sewer back onto the surface via a [[Sewer overflow (Water Overlay)|Sewer overflow]]. The location of the sewer overflow marks the exit at which water flows out of the sewer. The (maximum) speed at which this water flows is determined by the [[Sewer overflow speed (Water Overlay)|SEWER_OVERFLOW_SPEED]].


To overflow from the sewer to the surface, two criteria have to be met. Firstly, the amount of water in the sewer relative to the sewer's storage capacity must exceed the [[Sewer overflow threshold model attribute (Water Overlay)|SEWER_OVERFLOW_THRESHOLD]]. Secondly, the water level in the sewer must exceed the water level on the exit of the server overflow.
For sewer overflow to occur, two criteria have to be met:
* The amount of water in the sewer relative to the sewer's storage capacity as defined by the sewer area's [[Sewer storage (Water Overlay)|SEWER_STORAGE]] attribute must exceed the [[Sewer overflow threshold model attribute (Water Overlay)|SEWER_OVERFLOW_THRESHOLD]].  
* The water level in the sewer must exceed the [[Surface water level formula (Water Overlay)|water level]] at the location of the server overflow.


The SEWER_OVERFLOW_THRESHOLD should always be a fraction of the sewer's storage capacity.
The water level of the sewer is the sum of the water height in the sewer and the [[sewer overflow attribute (Water Overlay)|SEWER_OVERFLOW]] attribute of the sewer overflow, which defines the height at which it is situated. So conceptually, the height is the sewer is directly related to the sewer overflow height.
<ul>
<li style="display: inline-block;">[[File:Sewer_overflow.jpg|left|thumb|500px|Schematic overview of a sewer overflow.]]</li>
<li style="display: inline-block;">[[File:Sewer_overflowed.jpg|left|thumb|500px|Schematic overview of water overflowing from a sewer.]]</li>
</ul>


[[File:Sewer_overflow_model.png]]
===External area===
[[File:Sewer_overflow_model2.png]]
Sewer water can also be pumped to a region outside the project area. This is controlled through the sewer area's [[Sewer pump speed (Water Overlay)|SEWER_PUMP_SPEED]]. Sewer water removed this way is removed from the hydrological model and cannot return back into the project area. The sewer pump speed cannot be negative; it is not allowed to pump water from outside the project area into the sewer.


===External area===
==Related formulas==
Sewer water can also be transported to a region outside the project area. This is controlled through the sewer area's [[Sewer pump speed (Water Overlay)|SEWER_PUMP_SPEED]]. Sewer water removed this way is removed from the hydrological model and cannot return back into the project area. The sewer pump speed cannot be negative; it is not allowed to pump water from outside the project area into the sewer.
* [[Surface water level formula (Water Overlay)|Surface water level formula]]
 
* [[Sewer Overflow formula (Water Overlay)|Sewer overflow formula]]
 
==Related models==
* [[Surface model (Water Overlay)|Surface model]]


{{Template:WaterOverlay_nav}}
{{article end
|seealso=
* [[Sewer_area_(Water Overlay)|Sewer Area]]
* [[Sewer_overflow_(Water Overlay)|Sewer Overflow]]
}}
{{WaterOverlay formula nav}}

Latest revision as of 09:00, 29 January 2024

Sewers allow retention of excess (rain) water which would otherwise remain or flow on the surface.

Conceptually, sewers are defined as sewer areas. If no sewer areas are present in the project, the sewer layer will not be used in the Water Module.

Sewer areas define the areas in which the sewer system exist. The capacity of those sewers is based on the sewer area's SEWER_STORAGE attribute. The actual locations at which sewer pipes (conceptually) exist are the grid cells where sewered buildings are covered (intersected) by a sewer area. Consequently, the total surface area of the actual sewer is dependent on the grid cell size and the existence of sewered buildings.

The total sewer storage volume is determined by the sum of all grid cells marked as sewered, multiplied by the grid cell size and the SEWER_STORAGE.

Sewer influx

Water can flow into the sewer if the following conditions are met:

  • There is water on the surface of a grid cell.
  • There is a sewered building in the same grid cell.
  • There is a sewer area (and thus, combined with a sewer building, a sewer) in the same grid cell.

Water can only flow in until the sewer is filled to its capacity. If, during the simulation, water is removed from the sewer, water is allowed to flow in again, until its capacity is again reached.

Water can only flow out of a sewer via a sewer overflow.

Sewer model

Sewer Overflow

Water can flow from a sewer back onto the surface via a Sewer overflow. The location of the sewer overflow marks the exit at which water flows out of the sewer. The (maximum) speed at which this water flows is determined by the SEWER_OVERFLOW_SPEED.

For sewer overflow to occur, two criteria have to be met:

  • The amount of water in the sewer relative to the sewer's storage capacity as defined by the sewer area's SEWER_STORAGE attribute must exceed the SEWER_OVERFLOW_THRESHOLD.
  • The water level in the sewer must exceed the water level at the location of the server overflow.

The water level of the sewer is the sum of the water height in the sewer and the SEWER_OVERFLOW attribute of the sewer overflow, which defines the height at which it is situated. So conceptually, the height is the sewer is directly related to the sewer overflow height.

  • Schematic overview of a sewer overflow.
  • Schematic overview of water overflowing from a sewer.

External area

Sewer water can also be pumped to a region outside the project area. This is controlled through the sewer area's SEWER_PUMP_SPEED. Sewer water removed this way is removed from the hydrological model and cannot return back into the project area. The sewer pump speed cannot be negative; it is not allowed to pump water from outside the project area into the sewer.

Related formulas

Related models

See also

Water Module
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Water Module
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Overview
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Theory
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Benchmarks
Models
Surface • Ground • Rain • Evaporation • Infiltration • Elevation • Breach • Sewer • Storage • Tracer flow • Border • Order
Model formulas
Timestep • Season • Surface water level • Groundwater level
Flow formulas
Surface flow • Surface infiltration • Ground flow • Ground infiltration • Surface evaporation • Ground evaporation • Ground bottom flow
Hydraulic structure formulas
Culvert • Weir • Breach growth • Breach flow • Pump • Sewer Overflow • Inlet • Drainage
Related
Building attributes • Hydrological features • Hydraulic structures •  Terrain attributes • Model attributes • Results • Simulation data
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