Rainfall Overlay: Difference between revisions

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==What is the rainfall overlay==
[[File:Rainfall-Overlay.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Rainfall overlay]]
The Rainfall Overlay is a variant of the [[Water Overlay]], which in turn is a [[Grid overlay|grid overlay]]. Water overlays are connected to the [[Water Module]], a complex hydrological calculation module within the {{software}}.


===Calculation steps===
The Rainfall overlay specializes in displaying the hazard and impact of (heavy) rainfall over the project area. Based on the elevation model, terrain roughness and representations of the sewer and water systems, several result types can be generated by the accompanying Water Module.


Here there should be an overview of all the calculations steps. BOB: Flowchart?
A [[Rainfall_Overlay_tutorial|Rainfall Overlay Tutorial]] is available to get you started with this overlay.


====Rainfall====
In order to get more familiar with the different components of the Rainfall Overlay check out Quadrant 2 of the [[Testbed_water_module|Water Module Testbed]]. This Testbed is available to you as a project in the {{software}}.


Water is created in the form of rainfall. The amount of water created per calculation step is based on the amount of calculation steps for the simulation, the duration of the rain, and the amount of rains which falls during that time. Water is never "stored" as rainfall. Directly after being created by rainfall, water can be placed in one of the follow containers:
==Rainfall overlay results==
The Rainfall Overlay is a Water Overlay that is connected to the Water Module. This Water Module performs two dimensional grid based water simulations for a large set of input data and parameters, configured mostly through a related [[Water Overlay Wizard]]. When a simulation finishes, the module stores the result in the Rainfall overlay based on the selected result type. Only one result type can be stored per Rainfall overlay.


{| class="wikitable"
The Water Module however, is not restricted to generating only one type of result. Instead it can produce multiple unique result types for one single simulation.  
|-
Fortunately it is possible to add additional result type overlays which relate to a particular Rainfall overlay. These are known as [[Result Child Overlay]]s. Again, each child overlay only stores one particular result type.
! style="width: 250px;"| Container
! Condition
|-
| Sewer
| If there is a SEWER [[area]] present, which is defined by the presence of a non-zero SEWER_STORAGE attribute, and there is a building present with the SEWERED attribute ("Connected to Sewer") set to 1, and the sewer container is not yet full, the water is moved directly into the sewer.
|-
| Building storage
| If there is a building present with the WATER_STORAGE_M attribute ("Water Storage (m3/m2) )") set to a value greater than 0, and the building container is not yet full, the water is moved directly into the building container.
|-
| Surface water
| If there is surface water present (i.e. a terrain with the WATER attribute set to 1), the water is moved into the surface water container.
|-
| Surface container
| If there is no building connected to an empty sewer, no building with water storage, and no water terrain, the water is placed in a surface container.
|}


====Surface containers====
Apart from multiple result types, the Rainfall overlay can also store result data of multiple, intermediate simulation results, instead of just a single end result. These intermediate simulation results are known as [[timeframes (Water Overlay)|timeframes]].  
Water in a surface container is resting on the surface of the world.


The storage capacity of surface containers is effectively infinite.
For the full list of result types, see [[Result type (Water Overlay)#List of Result Types|List of Result Types]].


For some calculations, the height of this container is relevant. The height is defined as the [[Terrain height|terrain height]], plus the height of the water in the container.
For other results, which are not overlay results, but still related to the simulation for a particular Rainfall overlay, see [[Results (Water Overlay)|Rainfall overlay results]].


During a calculation step, the water can move to one of the following containers:
==Module==
{| class="wikitable"
A Rainfall Overlay can be configured by opening the Rainfall Overlay Wizard. More in-depth information can be found under each of the categories below.  
|-
{{Water Module buttons}}
! style="width: 250px;"| Container
! Condition
|-
| Underground container
| If the underground container is not filled to maximum capacity, an amount of water is transferred from the surface container to the underground container, based on the formula for vertical infiltration described below.
''Note: after calculating vertical infiltration, the flow calculations continue, both for the surface containers and the underground containers.''
|-
| Surface water or surface container
| Water may flow into the surface water container or into other underground containers, based on the flow-by-height principle and the Manning formula (for surface runoff) described below.
|}


==References==
# [[Water Module Theory#Formulas|Water model formulas]]


=====Surface runoff / Manning formula=====
{{WaterOverlay output nav}}
=====Vertical infiltration=====
{{Overlay nav}}
 
====Underground containers====
Water in underground containers is water which has infiltrated into the ground, and is now resting on, (or is part of) the ground water.
 
The storage capacity of underground containers is based on the WATER_STORAGE_PERCENTAGE of the terrain in that location, the ground water level and the height of the surface.
 
For some calculations, the height of this container is relevant. The height is defined as the ground water level height, plus the height due to the amount of water in the container. This also takes into account the WATER_STORAGE_PERCENTAGE. They lower this percentage, the faster the container's height increases.
 
During the calculation step, water can move to the following containers.
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! style="width: 250px;"| Container
! Condition
|-
| Surface water or underground container
| Water may flow into the surface water container or into other underground containers, based on the flow-by-height principle and the formula for horizontal infiltration described below.
|}
=====Horizontal infiltration=====
 
====Surface water====
Water in surface water containers is water which has been stored on existing bodies of water. These bodies are often intended to house some amount of water in them in cases of rainfall.
 
The storage capacity of surface water containers is effectively infinite.
 
For some calculations, the height of this container is relevant. The height is defined as the ground water level height, plus the height due to the amount of water in the container. This also takes into account the WATER_STORAGE_PERCENTAGE. The lower this percentage, the faster the container's height increases.
 
During the calculation step, water can move to the following containers.
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! style="width: 250px;"| Container
! Condition
|-
| Surface water or underground container
| Water may flow into the surface water container or into other underground containers, based on the flow-by-height principle and the formula for underground
|}
====Sewer====
 
====Building storage====
 
===Formulas===
====Flow by height====
When a flow-by-height calculation is performed, the Engine takes into consideration for each container whether any adjacent containers have a height lower than or equal to the current container's height. All containers which meet this requirement are candidates for receiving water flow. The candidate container for which the flow would be greatest is the single container which actually receives water from the current container. All candidate containers, whether they receive water from the current container or not, can still receive water from other containers.
 
''To prevent issues with water "slushing" around in rare edge-cases, the direction of flow for surface containers on extremely flat land is "fixed" after the first few calculations. This means that some containers will only ever exchange water in 1 direction.''
 
====Manning formula (surface runoff)====
====Vertical infiltration====
====Horizontal infiltration====

Latest revision as of 13:47, 17 January 2023

Rainfall overlay

The Rainfall Overlay is a variant of the Water Overlay, which in turn is a grid overlay. Water overlays are connected to the Water Module, a complex hydrological calculation module within the Tygron Platform.

The Rainfall overlay specializes in displaying the hazard and impact of (heavy) rainfall over the project area. Based on the elevation model, terrain roughness and representations of the sewer and water systems, several result types can be generated by the accompanying Water Module.

A Rainfall Overlay Tutorial is available to get you started with this overlay.

In order to get more familiar with the different components of the Rainfall Overlay check out Quadrant 2 of the Water Module Testbed. This Testbed is available to you as a project in the Tygron Platform.

Rainfall overlay results

The Rainfall Overlay is a Water Overlay that is connected to the Water Module. This Water Module performs two dimensional grid based water simulations for a large set of input data and parameters, configured mostly through a related Water Overlay Wizard. When a simulation finishes, the module stores the result in the Rainfall overlay based on the selected result type. Only one result type can be stored per Rainfall overlay.

The Water Module however, is not restricted to generating only one type of result. Instead it can produce multiple unique result types for one single simulation. Fortunately it is possible to add additional result type overlays which relate to a particular Rainfall overlay. These are known as Result Child Overlays. Again, each child overlay only stores one particular result type.

Apart from multiple result types, the Rainfall overlay can also store result data of multiple, intermediate simulation results, instead of just a single end result. These intermediate simulation results are known as timeframes.

For the full list of result types, see List of Result Types.

For other results, which are not overlay results, but still related to the simulation for a particular Rainfall overlay, see Rainfall overlay results.

Module

A Rainfall Overlay can be configured by opening the Rainfall Overlay Wizard. More in-depth information can be found under each of the categories below.

Benchmarks button.png
Introduction button.png
Water Module
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Getting started button.png
Tutorials
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Overview button.png
Overview
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Theory button.png
Theory
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Benchmarks


References

  1. Water model formulas
Water Module
Benchmarks button.png
Introduction button.png
Water Module
Benchmarks button.png
Getting started button.png
Tutorials
Benchmarks button.png
Overview button.png
Overview
Benchmarks button.png
Theory button.png
Theory
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Benchmarks
Group
Output keys
Object flow output • Object height output • Object datum output a • Object datum output b • Object width output
Output other
Result type • Water balance • System visualization • Weather visualization • Debug info
Related
Building attributes • Hydraulic structures • Hydrological features •  Terrain attributes • Model attributes • Simulation data
Overlays
Categorization
Grid • Parent • Result Child • Result Parent • Result type
Default
City
Administrative
Ownership • Ownership Grid • Zipcodes • Zoning • Neighborhoods • Municipalities • Vacancy
Environmental
Heat Stress • Traffic Density • Traffic Noise • Traffic NO2 • Livability • Aerius
Water
Rainfall • Flooding • Groundwater • Subsidence • Watershed • Waterwijzer
Raster Calculation
Average • Combo • Distance • Sight Distance • Travel Distance
Geo Data
Area • Attribute • GeoTIFF • WCS • WMS • Image
Topography
Digital Surface Model • Digital Terrain Model • Underground • Function • Source
Network
Network Distance • Network Overview • Network Ownership


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